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System Overview

Gambaran lengkap arsitektur sistem dari high-level sampai detail implementasi.
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🏗️ High-Level Architecture

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🎯 Design Principles

Separation of Concerns

Setiap service bertanggung jawab untuk domain spesifik

Scalability

Horizontal scaling untuk setiap service secara independen

Observability First

Built-in logging, metrics, dan tracing sejak awal

API-First Design

RESTful API dengan OpenAPI/Swagger documentation

Security by Default

JWT authentication, HTTPS, input validation

Developer Experience

Live reload, clear error messages, comprehensive docs

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📦 Service Breakdown

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1. Auth Service

Responsibility: Authentication & Authorization Tech Stack:
  • Go 1.22+
  • JWT for tokens
  • bcrypt for password hashing
  • MySQL for user storage
  • Redis for session/token blacklist
Key Features:
  • User registration & login
  • JWT token generation & validation
  • Password reset flow
  • Email verification
  • Role-based access control (RBAC)
API Endpoints: 
POST   /auth/register
POST   /auth/login
POST   /auth/refresh
POST   /auth/logout
POST   /auth/forgot-password
POST   /auth/reset-password
POST   /auth/verify-email

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2. User Service

Responsibility: User profile management Tech Stack:
  • Go 1.22+
  • GORM (MySQL ORM)
  • Redis for caching
Key Features:
  • User profile CRUD
  • Avatar upload
  • User preferences
  • Address management
  • User search & filtering
API Endpoints: 
GET    /users
GET    /users/:id
PUT    /users/:id
DELETE /users/:id
GET    /users/me
PUT    /users/me
POST   /users/me/avatar

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3. Product Service

Responsibility: Product catalog management Tech Stack:
  • Go 1.22+
  • GORM (MySQL ORM)
  • Redis for caching
  • Elasticsearch (optional, for search)
Key Features:
  • Product CRUD
  • Category management
  • Inventory tracking
  • Product search
  • Image management
API Endpoints: 
GET    /products
GET    /products/:id
POST   /products
PUT    /products/:id
DELETE /products/:id
GET    /categories
POST   /categories

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4. Order Service

Responsibility: Order processing & management Tech Stack:
  • Go 1.22+
  • GORM (MySQL ORM)
  • Event-driven (publish to queue)
Key Features:
  • Order creation
  • Order status tracking
  • Order history
  • Stock reservation
  • Order cancellation
API Endpoints: 
GET    /orders
GET    /orders/:id
POST   /orders
PUT    /orders/:id/status
DELETE /orders/:id
GET    /orders/me

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5. Payment Service

Responsibility: Payment processing Tech Stack:
  • Go 1.22+
  • MongoDB (for transaction logs)
  • Integration with payment gateways
Key Features:
  • Payment processing
  • Payment verification
  • Refund handling
  • Payment history
  • Webhook handling
API Endpoints: 
POST   /payments
GET    /payments/:id
POST   /payments/:id/verify
POST   /payments/:id/refund
POST   /payments/webhook

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🗄️ Data Architecture

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Database Strategy

  • MySQL (OLTP)
  • MongoDB (Documents)
  • Redis (Cache)
Use Cases:
  • Transactional data (users, orders, products)
  • Relational data dengan foreign keys
  • ACID compliance required
Tables:
  • users
  • roles
  • products
  • categories
  • orders
  • order_items
  • addresses
Optimization:
  • Proper indexing
  • Query optimization
  • Connection pooling
  • Read replicas for scaling

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🔄 Communication Patterns

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Synchronous (REST API)

Use Cases:
  • User-facing operations (CRUD)
  • Real-time data retrieval
  • Immediate feedback required

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Asynchronous (Event-Driven)

Use Cases:
  • Background processing
  • Decoupled services
  • High throughput operations
  • Non-critical path operations

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🔐 Security Architecture

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Authentication Flow

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Security Layers

  • HTTPS/TLS: All communication encrypted
  • WAF: Web Application Firewall
  • DDoS Protection: Rate limiting, IP blocking
  • VPC: Private network for services
  • JWT Authentication: Stateless tokens
  • RBAC: Role-based access control
  • Input Validation: Sanitize all inputs
  • SQL Injection Prevention: Parameterized queries
  • XSS Prevention: Output encoding
  • Encryption at Rest: Database encryption
  • Encryption in Transit: TLS/SSL
  • Password Hashing: bcrypt with salt
  • Sensitive Data Masking: Logs & monitoring
  • Rate Limiting: Per user/IP
  • CORS: Proper configuration
  • API Keys: For service-to-service
  • Idempotency: Prevent duplicate operations

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📊 Observability Architecture

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LGTM Stack

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Instrumentation

  • Logs (Loki)
  • Traces (Tempo)
  • Metrics (Mimir)
Format: Structured JSON logs
{
  "timestamp": "2024-01-01T10:00:00Z",
  "level": "info",
  "service": "order-service",
  "traceId": "abc123",
  "spanId": "def456",
  "message": "Order created",
  "userId": "user-123",
  "orderId": "order-456"
}
Log Levels:
  • DEBUG: Development only
  • INFO: Normal operations
  • WARN: Potential issues
  • ERROR: Errors requiring attention
  • FATAL: Critical failures

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🚀 Deployment Architecture

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Development Environment

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Production Environment

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📈 Scalability Strategy

Horizontal Scaling

  • Stateless services
  • Load balancer distribution
  • Auto-scaling based on metrics
  • Container orchestration (K8s)

Database Scaling

  • Read replicas for MySQL
  • Sharding for MongoDB
  • Redis cluster for cache
  • Connection pooling

Caching Strategy

  • Redis for hot data
  • CDN for static assets
  • Application-level caching
  • Database query caching

Async Processing

  • Message queue for background jobs
  • Event-driven architecture
  • Worker pools
  • Batch processing

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🔄 Disaster Recovery

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Backup Strategy

  • Database Backups: Daily full + hourly incremental
  • File Storage: Replicated across regions
  • Configuration: Version controlled in Git
  • Secrets: Encrypted in vault

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Recovery Procedures

  1. Database Recovery: Restore from latest backup
  2. Service Recovery: Deploy from last known good version
  3. Data Validation: Verify data integrity
  4. Monitoring: Confirm all services healthy

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📚 Next Steps

Request Flow

Lihat detail alur request end-to-end

Domain Model

Pahami domain model dan entities

Backend Development

Mulai develop backend services

Frontend Development

Mulai develop Flutter app
Pro Tip: Arsitektur ini dirancang untuk start simple, scale gradually. Mulai dengan monolith, pecah ke microservices saat dibutuhkan.